An isolation level that prevents any row that is read from being changed by other applications until the transaction is completed. For WITH HOLD cursors, this applies to when the rows were actually read. For read-only WITH HOLD cursors, the rows might have actually been read in a prior transaction. RS also prevents any row that is changed by other applications from being read until the change is committed. A transaction that issues the same query more than once will read the same rows again, but it might also read additional phantom rows that were modified and committed by an application that is running concurrently. See also cursor stability, repeatable read, uncommitted read, isolation level.