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A process by which the genetic material carried by an individual cell is altered by incorporation of exogenous DNA into its genome..
Industry:Biology
A method of separating large molecules (such as DNA fragments or proteins) from a mixture of similar molecules. An electric current is passed through a medium containing the mixture, and each kind of molecule travels through the medium at a different rate, depending on its electrical charge and size. Agarose and acrylamide gels are the media commonly used for electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acids..
Industry:Biology
Possessing three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two copies.
See also: cell, gene, gene expression, chromosome.
Industry:Biology
The period in the cell cycle when DNA is replicated in the nucleus; followed by mitosis..
Industry:Biology
An enzyme performing the same function as another enzyme but having a different set of amino acids. The two enzymes may function at different speeds..
Industry:Biology
A noncellular biological entity that can reproduce only within a host cell. Viruses consist of nucleic acid covered by protein; some animal viruses are also surrounded by membrane. Inside the infected cell, the virus uses the synthetic capability of the host to produce progeny virus.
See also: cloning vector.
Industry:Biology
A photomicrograph of an individual's chromosomes arranged in a standard format showing the number, size, and shape of each chromosome type; used in low-resolution physical mapping to correlate gross chromosomal abnormalities with the characteristics of specific diseases..
Industry:Biology
A protein that acts as a catalyst, speeding the rate at which a biochemical reaction proceeds but not altering the direction or nature of the reaction..
Industry:Biology
One gene interfers with or prevents the expression of another gene located at a different locus..
Industry:Biology
