- 업종: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
As a general term, any water mass found at intermediate depth in the ocean. Antarctic Intermediate Water is the most important of these, followed by Subarctic Intermediate Water and Arctic Intermediate Water. Other water masses identified as intermediate water are Atlantic Intermediate Water in Baffin Bay, also called Polar Atlantic Water, identified by a temperature maximum at a depth of about 500 m resulting from inflow from the West Greenland Current; Arctic Intermediate Water in Baffin Bay, identified by a temperature minimum at a depth between 50 and 200 m resulting from inflow of arctic water from the north; and Levantine Intermediate Water in the Eurafrican Mediterranean Sea, identified by a salinity maximum at a depth between 150 and 400 m and formed when cold winter winds, descending on the region between Rhodes and Cyprus and on the northern and central Adriatic Sea, result in the cooling and sinking of surface water.
Industry:Weather
As presented by A. Supan (1879), the belt around the earth within which the annual mean temperature exceeds 20°C. He also defined a temperate belt and cold cap. See climatic classification.
Industry:Weather
Arithmetic difference between the mean monthly values of a meteorological element on two consecutive months.
Industry:Weather
Arithmetic difference between the mean daily values of a meteorological element on two consecutive days.
Industry:Weather
Application of image enhancement techniques in such a way as to present the results of the enhancement within seconds after allowing a user to change a parameter or technique.
Industry:Weather
Any technique for collecting airborne particulate matter in which the collector is so designed that the airstream entering it has a velocity equal to that of the air passing around and outside the collector. The advantage of isokinetic sampling consists in its freedom from the uncertainties due to selective collection of only the larger, less easily deflected particulates. In principle, an isokinetic sampling device has a collection efficiency of unity for all sizes of particulates in the sampled air.
Industry:Weather
Applied to a vector field having zero vorticity or curl throughout the field. Two equivalent properties of an irrotational field are that there is no circulation about any reducible curve within the fluid, and that a potential exists. An autobarotropic fluid is irrotational for all time if it is irrotational at any time. Meteorological motions of the smaller scales, for example, gravity waves, may be treated as irrotational, but when the scale is large enough to take the rotation of the earth into account, only rotational motions are of interest. See solenoidal, Helmholtz's theorem.
Industry:Weather
Any surface that by surface friction extracts momentum from the fluid flowing over it. There are a number of measures of the roughness of a surface that relate to the degree of mixing in the fluid caused by this frictional overturning of the fluid. See roughness length, friction velocity, zero-plane displacement; compare aerodynamically rough surface, aerodynamically smooth surface.
Industry:Weather
Any thermodynamic change of state of a system that takes place at constant temperature.
Industry:Weather
Any small liquid droplet (less than a μm in diameter) contributing to an atmospheric haze condition. In certain industrial areas, such droplets may be entirely nonaqueous (largely hydrocarbons). Most haze droplets are salts dissolved in water in an environment below water saturation (<100% relative humidity) with equilibrium size given by the Köhler equation. Near seacoasts, droplets of seawater are responsible for haze; even far inland, some haze conditions have been shown to be due to such salt-solution droplets. Many inland haze particles are composed of ammonium sulphate (bisulphate), probably produced from industrial air pollution or locally in some areas with volcanic activity as sulfuric acid, reacting with ammonia from agricultural activities.
Industry:Weather
