- 업종: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Technique for measuring the rate of a chemical reaction in which a short, intense flash of light initiates a chemical reaction and some spectroscopic probe is used to measure directly the change in concentration of one of the reactants, most often a free radical. The light pulse is provided by a flash lamp or a laser, while the detection technique is usually either absorption or fluorescence spectroscopy. Reactions occurring on timescales of less than 1 μs can be measured using this technique.
Industry:Weather
Swell as it passes through shallow water; it is characterized by a marked increase in height in water shallower than one-tenth wave length. To the seaman, ground swell is an indication of shoal water; to the shore-dweller, it is often an indication of approaching bad weather.
Industry:Weather
Stream that rapidly collects flows from the steep slopes of its catchment (watershed, basin) and produces flood peaks soon after the rain. Its flow quickly subsides after the cessation of rainfall.
Industry:Weather
Study and applications of weather and climate data to the reproduction, growth, and harvesting of forests.
Industry:Weather
Statement of the meteorological conditions expected to be encountered successively in flight. See FIFOR.
Industry:Weather
Statistical curve relating probability of first and last freeze (0°C) occurrence in the fall and spring to specific dates; a tool to assess freeze risk. May be applied to other critical threshold temperatures such as −1°C, −2°C, −4°C, etc.
Industry:Weather
Spectroscopic transitions that have very low probability due to the violation of certain selection rules. Such transitions are of low intensity and are not important in the atmosphere unless the molecule involved has a high abundance, for example, O2. If the transition to the ground state is forbidden, such as O(1D) to O(3P), then the excited atom can have a lifetime long enough to engage in important reactions.
Industry:Weather
Specific time interval over which the gust frequency is determined.
Industry:Weather
Soil within which the moisture has predominantly changed to ice, the unfrozen portion being in vapor phase. Ice within the soil bonds (adfreezes) adjacent soil particles and renders frozen ground very hard. “Permanently” frozen ground is called permafrost. “Dry” frozen ground is relatively loose and crumbly because of the lack of bonding ice. Frozen ground is sometimes inadvisedly called frost or ground frost.
Industry:Weather
Small-scale structure in the fields of temperature, salinity, density, and/or velocity. The term finestructure refers in the ocean to structures of vertical scale smaller than 100 m and larger than 1 m, usually associated with small-scale physical factors that may cause mixing, but not with the mixing events themselves. Examples are interleaving motions, inertial and internal waves, and vertical modes. Note the overlap in the vertical scale with that of microstructure.
Industry:Weather
